New Year celebrations in the Islamic view
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History of New Year
The new year first celebrated on 1 January 45 BC. Not long after Julius Caesar was crowned as emperor of Rome, he decided to replace the traditional Roman calendar has been created since the seventh century BC. In designing this new calendar, Julius Caesar assisted by Sosigenes, an astronomer from Iskkitariyah, who suggested that the new calendar was made by following the revolution of the sun, as did the Egyptians.
One year into the new calendar quarter shall be counted 365 days and Caesar added 67 days in the year 45 BC to 46 BC starting on 1 January. Caesar also ordered that every four years, one day is added to February, which theoretically could avoid distortion in this new calendar. Not long before Caesar was killed in 44 BC, he changed the name of the month Quintilis with his name, namely Julius or July. Then, the name of the month Sextilis replaced with a substitute name Julius Caesar, Caesar Augustus, became in August.
New Year Celebration
Currently, the new year January 1 has been used as one of the Christian holy day. But in reality, the New Year has long been a secular tradition that make it a national public holiday for all citizens of the World.
In the beginning of this celebration is celebrated both by Jews who counted since the new moon at the end of September. Furthermore, according to the Julian calendar, the Roman year begins on January 1. Pope Gregory XIII turn it into 1st January of 1582 and up to now all over the world celebrate on that date.
Origins of New Year's Celebration
The solar year is actually associated with Christian religious beliefs. AD is another name of Jesus. According to the Encarta Reference Library Premium 2005, the person who first made the calendar Gregorian calendar is a famous Roman emperor Julius Caesar named Gaisus. It was created in 45 BC, when using the standard counting backwards from the birth of Jesus. But in its development, there is a Christian priest named Dionysius who then exploit the invention Julius Caesar's calendar as calendar diadobsi based on the year of birth of Jesus Christ. That is why the calendar year after the birth of Jesus Christ is marked AD (Latin: Anno Domini, which means in the year of our lord) aka AD. As for the days of prehistory pinned BC (Before Christ) aka BC (BC). Then the Pope (Pope) Gregory III polish calendar previously with some modifications and then confirms it as a dating system which should be used by the rest of Europe, even now the whole country in the world and generally accepted for anyone. Gregorian calendar that we know as the Gregorian calendar created by the birth of Jesus Christ in Christian keyakina: "The Gregorian calendar IS ALSO called the Christian calendar Because It uses the birth of Jesus Christ as a starting date". Such information in the Encarta Reference Library Premiun 2005. In Roman times, a new birthday party was in honor of the god Janus (two-faced god pictured). Then the celebration continues to be preserved and spread to Europe in the early centuries AD. As the emergence and development of Christianity, the celebration finally obliged by church leaders as a celebration of the "holy" one package by Christmas. That is why Christmas and New Year's greeting into one (Merry Christmas and Happy New Year).
New Year Celebration Period Used
As we ketahu, the tradition of New Year celebrations in several countries related to their religious rituals or beliefs which of course is contrary to Islam. For example, in Brazil. At midnight each January 1, the Brazilians flock to beaches with clean white clothes. They are laying flowers at sea, burying mango, papaya and watermelon on sand beach in honor of the god of the sea god Lemanja-known in the country of Brazil legend.
As in Brazil, the ancient Romans also give each other gifts sacred tree branch pieces to celebrate the New Year. Later, they give each nut or gold-plated coin with the image of Janus, the god of doors and all the starters. Historically, January is named after the god of this duplicity (one front facing forward and the other facing the rear).
Meanwhile, according to the beliefs of Germany, if they eat the rest of the feast celebration of New Year's Eve on January 1, they believed not to be deprived of food for a full year. For the majority of Christians who inhabit parts of continental Europe, the New Year is associated with the birth of Jesus or Isa al-Masih, so Christianity is often called the Christian religion. Period before Jesus was born was called BCE (BCE) and after Jesus was born is called the solar year.
Greece, pomegranate which the Greeks symbolizes fertility and success sown at the door of the house, office and shop stores as a symbol of prayer for prosperity throughout the year. Italy, in one city, precisely Naples, at 00 right on New Year's Eve, there will be a public goods that is outdated and not used on the streets. Spain, the Spanish community right on the eve of the New Year will take as much as 12 grape seed, the amount of which only 12 symbolizes the hope for the next 12 months. Japan, in Japan, the people there to celebrate the new year by eating three types of food as a symbol that symbolizes prosperity fish eggs, smoked sardine fish symbolizes fertility and sweets from marine plants that symbolizes celebration. Korea, on the eve of the turn of the people there enjoy beef broth mixed with pieces of fried egg and rice crackers or so-called thuck gook.
On January 1, the American people visiting relatives and friends or watching television: Tournament of Roses Parade Flowers before the Rose Bowl American football competition held in California; or the Orange Bowl in Florida; Cotton Bowl in Texas; or Sugar Bowl in Louisiana. In the United States, most of the festivities the night before the new year, on December 31, where people go to a party or watching a television program from Times Square in the heart of New York, where many people gather. By the time midnight bell rang, sirens sounded, fireworks exploded and people shouting "Happy New Year" and sang Auld Lang Syne.Di other countries, including Indonesia? Same thing!
Celebration of the new year AD usually celebrated very festive even accidentally forget for a moment the issue of severe life to just celebrate the New Year: old and new. Tradition has always done routine: blowing horns and set off fireworks during the second clock right in figure 12 or on a digital clock shows the combination of numbers "00:00".
source: UIN-Community
CULTURE blowing horns
IN CELEBRATION New Year
In ISLAMIC PERSPECTIVE
By: Rizqi Nurjannah
PART I
INTRODUCTION
"Happy New Year" is a phrase that is heard in various parts of the country when 00.00 December 31, entered January 1 next year. Not only teenagers, parents and children also participated in celebrating the new year AD. As if all centralized at one point with the same goal of celebrating the new year and animate AD.
New Year celebrations in Indonesia AD identical to blow the trumpet in the streets on New Year's Eve. This custom has long been embraced by the majority of society, not least the Muslim community. On that day there were kids busy whining to his parents to buy him a trumpet, teen group set aside allowance to buy a trumpet for the sake of the new year celebration. If they are asked about their reasons for celebrating the new year, the authors suspect that the answers they are because of other people's lifestyles as well as (in other words, went along with friends who celebrate the new year AD), they do it because they want to avoid outdated .
Therefore, the author intended this paper so that people can find out about the history of the celebration of the new year AD and trumpet relationships and new year celebration AD. If they had understood it, the author hopes that people will be able to maintain the purity of the Islamic faith by selecting Western culture that goes on their lifestyle.
The data collection method that I use in this paper is the study of literature by studying the literature related to the title of this paper, then analyzed according to Islamic law. The author will use 3 reasoning is reasoning bayani (linguistic), ta'lili / qiyasi (penganalogian), and istishlahi (kemashlahatan) in response to these problems.
CHAPTER II
DISCUSSION
A Cultural History of New Year's Celebrations
AD dating system called the Gregorian Calendar or the Christian Calendar. This Penganggalan using benchmark year after birth of Jesus as the first year AD so years later called Anno Domini (AD) which means "the year of the lord" (the year of our Lord) and the year before the birth of Jesus is called Before Christ (BC) are often known as the Year of BC.
New Year celebration began in 45 BC during the Roman emperor led by Julius Caesar. He was the emperor who decided to replace the traditional Roman calendar which has been established since the 7th century BC. A new calendar year is calculated as 365 a quarter of the day and he added 67 days in the year 45 BC to 46 BC starting on 1 January. He was also ordered to add 1 day in February every four years to avoid irregularities in the calendar. And before he was killed in 44 BC, he has changed the name of the month Quintilis with his name is Julius (July) and Sextilis month to replace the name of the emperor Julius Caesar ie August.
Currently celebrations January 1 has been used as one of the Christian holy day, but the new year has been a secular tradition that today is used as a national holiday and even internationally. Initially, this celebration is celebrated by Jews in late September but subsequently according to Julian calendar, the celebration of the new year begins January 1 so that until now was the celebration of the new year occurred on January 1.
The event was held by the public in the past in the new year AD is different between countries. For example, in Brazil, people flocked to the beaches with clean white clothes, and they were laying flowers at sea, burying mango, papaya and watermelon on beach sand as a tribute to the god Lemanja (god of the sea). In Indonesia also helped celebrate the New Year celebrations AD.
Cultural celebration of the new year is not tercantumkan the message of Islam. Because treatise Islam only recognizes two great days are ordered to memeriahkannya Fitr feast on the 1st of Shawwal and the Feast of Sacrifice on the 10th of Dhu al-Hijjah.
B. Cultural History Trumpet
Culture blowing trumpets began when the Crusaders. When that has happened a great battle, the Christian kingdoms of the various regions of Europe and Asia to cooperate against the Muslims. This resulted in the defeat of the Muslims and the Christians also celebrate their victory with the blowing of trumpets by the great commander Christian.
The trumpet in Islam has delivered the Prophet Muhammad that the trumpet is the Jewish culture, as in the hadith narrated by Abu Daud follows:
عن أبى عمير بن أنس عن عمومة له من الأنصار قال اهتم النبى -صلى الله عليه وسلم- للصلاة كيف يجمع الناس لها
فقيل له انصب راية عند حضور الصلاة فإذا رأوها آذن بعضهم بعضا فلم يعجبه ذلك
قال فذكر له القنع - يعنى الشبور - وقال زياد شبور اليهود فلم يعجبه ذلك وقال «هو من أمر اليهود».
قال فذكر له الناقوس فقال «هو من أمر النصارى».
فانصرف عبد الله بن زيد بن عبد ربه وهو مهتم لهم رسول الله -صلى الله عليه وسلم- فأرى الأذان فى منامه - قال - فغدا على رسول الله -صلى الله عليه وسلم- فأخبره فقال له يا رسول الله إنى لبين نائم ويقظان إذ أتانى آت فأرانى الأذان. قال وكان عمر بن الخطاب - رضى الله عنه - قد رآه قبل ذلك فكتمه عشرين يوما - قال - ثم أخبر النبى -صلى الله عليه وسلم- فقال له «ما منعك أن تخبرنى». فقال سبقنى عبد الله بن زيد فاستحييت فقال رسول الله -صلى الله عليه وسلم- «يا بلال قم فانظر ما يأمرك به عبد الله بن زيد فافعله». قال فأذن بلال. قال أبو بشر فأخبرنى أبو عمير أن الأنصار تزعم أن عبد الله بن زيد لولا أنه كان يومئذ مريضا لجعله رسول الله -صلى الله عليه وسلم- مؤذنا.
This means that:
From Abi Umair ibn Anas from 'Umumah, baginyalah Ansar, he said: "The Prophet SAW grieved because praying man how he assembled for prayer".
Then say to him: "Enforce flag, so if they (the Muslims) saw the most they tell others". So he (the Prophet) was not amazing (not responding), in that.
He said, and mentioned to him that Al-Qun'u Ash-Syabuuru (tool blown; trumpet) and Ziyad said: Teropetnya Jews, then he (the Prophet) did not respond to such a.
Then he said last mentioned An-Naquus (bell) to him and the Prophet SAW said: "He included his case the Nazarenes"
and Abdullah bin Zaid bin Abdi Rabbihi and he was among those who cared for the blues Prophet will last such a diperlihatkanlah (diperdengarkanlah) -he said- his call to prayer in the morning he went to the Prophet and then preach to him and he said to Prophet: "O Prophet! I was among those who sleep and (someone) convey meaning when the person who comes to me will come to me and showed azan" he said: "and Umar bin Khattab. indeed been demonstrated to be such that before but it conceals (the thing) for 20 days ". He said: "then he preach to the Prophet" and the Prophet SAW said: "What are you off to preach to me?" And he replied: "Abdullah bin Zaid had been before me, so I feel ashamed" and the Prophet SAW said: "O Bilal, arose then consider what would be commanded by Abdullah bin Zaid with the Execute ye akannya "he said," then, Bilal azan ". Abu Bisyrin said: "Then Abu 'Umair has been preached to me bahwasannya Ansar that Abdullah bin Zaid thought that if he was on the day it does not hurt the Prophet would make it as mu'adzin".
According to Al-Bani, this hadith is hasan hadeeth that could be used as evidence.
Trumpet in Indonesia used in the culture of the new year celebration AD, ie on the eve of December 31 ahead of the January 1, rang with the community around the city using cars and motorcycles. Trumpet became one of the instruments that are always heard in the streets and places of entertainment, it has become a culture in the major cities in welcoming the new year AD.
C. Blow the trumpet in Cultural Analysis of New Year's Celebrations Bayani Based Reasoning, Ta'lili and Istishlahi
Culture trumpet in celebration of the new year AD is a contemporary culture that does not exist at the time of the Prophet Muhammad 14 centuries ago, but Islamic law is syumul (overall) on any problems that arise in this world both past, present and future. Therefore, in this paper the author will analyze the views of Islamic law to the culture trumpet in celebration of the New Year based reasoning bayani, ta'lili and istishlahi.
Legal origin blow the trumpet is permissible as kaedah fiqh, which reads:
الأصل فى الأشياء الإباحة إلا يدل الدليل على التحريم
Permissibility blow the trumpet is very globally so limited "unless there is proof that forbid". Indeed culture blowing trumpets in the days of the Prophet, as suggested above, that the trumpet is a means for calling the Jews to gather in worship as excerpts following hadith:
قال فذكر له القنع - يعنى الشبور - وقال زياد شبور اليهود فلم يعجبه ذلك وقال «هو من أمر اليهود».
From the hadith, said فلم يعجبه ذلك shows that the Prophet did not respond in a companion proposal calls Muslims to prayer meet with blowing trumpets, as a trumpet blast of his case the Jews. And Muslims are forbidden to tasyabbuh (follow) the infidels in beliefs and worship.
'Illat ban blow the trumpet at the time of the Prophet is because a trumpet is a tool that is used as a means to call the Jews in worship. Over time, the culture sounding the trumpet is not only done to call the Jews to worship but also to play music and celebrate the new year parayaan AD. Therefore, it is not an absolute prohibition of blowing trumpets, because it depends on the law 'as kaedah accompanying illat fiqhiyyah which reads:
الحكم يدور مع علته
Even blow the trumpet can be allowed, as a practice that is done depends on the purpose (goal). As kaedah fiqhiyyah which reads:
الأمور بمقاصدها
The problems that the subject of the authors in this issue is a cultural blow the trumpet for the New Year celebrations. If blowing horns without any intention of worship it is permissible but if the intention of celebrating the New Year it should be able to consider a few things about the celebration of the New Year. New Year celebrations AD as explained earlier is a culture that is still associated with rituals Christians, because the solar year is calculated based on the year of birth of their god, Jesus. Prophet has explained that the person who imitates a people then it was included in the the hadith narrated by Abu Daud as follows:
عن ابن عمر قال قال رسول الله -صلى الله عليه وسلم- «من تشبه بقوم فهو منهم».
This means that:
From Ibn 'Umar. said: Rasulullah SAW said: "Whoever imitates a people then he was among them"
According Albani, the hadith is hasan saheeh so it can be used as evidence.
Celebration of the new year AD is also identical to the things that are useless and futile. New Year celebrations in Indonesia in particular AD conducted at the turn of midnight December 31 and January 1. It is pointless because the Prophet had ordered his people to always fill the time with something useful as believers characteristics mentioned in the letter of al-Mukminun: 3 the following:
والذين هم عن اللغو معرضون
This means that:
"And those who abstain from (words and deeds) which is useless"
Useless things done on New Year's Eve when the trumpet blowing them with other people who do not celebrate resting. If a believer to do so, then he has violated the Shari'ah because besides he did the vain, he also mendzalimi others who are resting. And tyranny should be eliminated as kaedah jurisprudence which reads:
الضرر يزال
In the end, according to the author, it can be said that the blowing of trumpets was allowed but if blowing horns in celebration of the new year which led to something that is forbidden by the Shari'ah then blow the trumpets also can be something that is forbidden.
CHAPTER III
CLOSING
Culture blowing horns in celebration of the new year is a new thing that has not been clearly defined in the law of the Koran and Hadith, but can be understood through several methods istinbath al-Hukmi that have been formulated by the scholars of the Salaf. Among these methods is the method bayani, ta'lili, and istishlahi.
The results of the application of methods istinbath al-Hukmi, the authors conclude that the legal origin of blowing of trumpets is allowed but if it is accompanied by the things that are forbidden by the Shari'ah then be unlawful. Among the things that can forbid it is:
Blow it out with the intention that Muslims gather to pray or worship.
Specialising time for celebration blew the great days of the Gentiles (such as New Year celebrations AD).
Blow the trumpet is futile and a form kemubadziran both treasure and time.
Blowing horns caused a stir causing others to feel disturbed.
Thus, the authors suggest to the Muslims to abandon blow the trumpet in the new year celebration graced AD, due to enliven the celebration of a new year is tantamount to tasyabbuh. Blowing horns this time not just a problem mu'amalah but had contact with a problem of confidence, because the celebration of the new year is a ritual AD Christians. And if you want to blow the trumpet it should be done with the purpose / intention something permissible (permitted shari'ah), and at a time and place that supports so avoid kemudharatan. And Allah knows best.
REFERENCES
Ministry of Religious Affairs of the Republic of Indonesia, Al-Karim Qur'anul Special for Women.2007. Bandung: Syamil Qur'an.
A.Rahman, Drs. H. Asjmuni. Qa'idah-Qa'idah Fiqh (Qawa'idul Fiqhiyyah) .1976. New York: Crescent Star
Judge Abdul Hamid, Mabaadi 'Awaliyah FII Ushuul al-Fiqh al-Fiqhiyyah wal Qawaa'id. Jakarta: Maktabah As-Sa'adiyah Son (without year)
10 Damage in New Year Celebration
Humans in various countries are very excited to welcome the event that only once a year. Up until overtime even though they willingly and patiently wait for the turn of the year. But how Islam views -agama that hanif- about the celebration? Do follow and celebrate it allowed? Consider the following brief discussion.
History of New Year
New Year first celebrated on January 1, 45 BC (BC). Not long after Julius Caesar was crowned as emperor of Rome, he decided to replace the traditional Roman calendar has been created since the seventh century BC. In designing this new calendar, Julius Caesar assisted by Sosigenes, an astronomer from Alexandria, who suggested that the new calendar was made by following the revolution of the sun, as did the Egyptians. One year into the new calendar quarter shall be counted 365 days and Caesar added 67 days in the year 45 BC to 46 BC starting on 1 January. Caesar also ordered that every four years, one day is added to February, which theoretically could avoid distortion in this new calendar. Not long before Caesar was killed in 44 BC, he changed the name of the month Quintilis with his name, namely Julius or July. Then, the name of the month Sextilis replaced with a substitute name Julius Caesar, Caesar Augustus, became in August. [1]
From here we can see that the celebration of the new year starts from the unbelievers and not at all from Islam. New Year celebrations take place at the turn of the year in the Gregorian calendar has always been celebrated by unbelievers.
In more detail, the following are some of the damage that occurred around the celebration of the New Year.
First Damage: Celebrating New Year Means Celebrating 'Eid (celebration) which Haram
Please note that the celebration (festive) of the Muslims there are only two of 'Eid al-Fitr and' Eid al-Adha. Anas bin Malik said, "The people of Ignorance first two days (days Nairuz and Mihrojan) in each year that they have fun when it. When the Prophet sallallaahu 'alaihi wa sallam arrived at Medina, he said, "It used to be you had two days of fun in it. Now God has replaced for you two better days are days of Eid al-Fitr and Eid al-Adha "." [2]
Shaykh Al-Fauzan Sholeh hafizhohullah explained that the celebration of the new year, including celebrate 'Eid (feast) which is not prescribed for the feast of the Muslims there are only two, namely Eid al-Fitr and Eid al-Adha. Specifies one day be a celebration (festive) is part of the Shari'ah (so it took the proposition). [3
Damage Second: Celebrating New Year Means Tasyabbuh (imitate) HEATHEN
Celebrating the new year including imitating the disbelievers. And since the first of our Prophet sallallaahu 'alaihi wa sallam has warned that this race is going to follow in the footsteps of the Persians, Romans, Jews and Christians. Muslims follow them either in dress or feast.
From Abu Sa'id Al-Khudri, he said that the Prophet sallallaahu 'alaihi wa sallam said, "What you will follow the path of those before you inch by inch, and cubit by-cubit up if the people you follow it into the hole dhob (which is full of twists and turns, pen), you definitely will follow. "We (the Companions) said," O Messenger of Allah, What followed was the Jews and Christians? "He replied," Then who? "[4]
Look at what is said by the Prophet sallallaahu 'alaihi wa sallam. What he said really real this time. Various models of the western clothes followed by the Muslims, until even the half-naked. Similarly, various celebrations were followed, including the celebration of the new year.
Remember, the Prophet sallallaahu 'alaihi wa sallam has expressly forbids us to imitate the disbelievers (tasyabbuh). He said, "Whoever imitates a people, then he is included as part of their" [5] [6
Damage Third: Without reverse the Practice Guidance on New Year's Eve
We already know that the new year's celebration comes from the pagans and is their tradition. But unfortunately among those ignorant there are ordained certain deeds on New Year's Eve.
"Rather than the time of the Muslims in vain, mending New Year's Eve is filled with dhikr in congregation in the mosque. It was certainly more benefits than waiting for the turn of the year with no benefits, "as an expression of some people. This is really weird. Such Pensyariatan means doing a practice that without guidance. New year celebration itself is not a celebration or ritual of the Muslims, then why should disyari'atkan certain practices when it? Moreover, waiting for the turn of the year will lead to renounce our obligations as will be pointed out.
If someone says, "Instead of waiting for a new year filled with useless things (playing firecrackers and other), mending filled with dhikr. The important thing is our good intentions. "So we corrected goodwill enough of this kind by saying of Ibn Mas'ud when he saw people who dhikr, but do not fit the guidance of the Prophet sallallaahu 'alaihi wa sallam. People who do dhikr that none of this tuntunannya told Ibn Mas'ud, "By Allah, O Abu 'Abdur-Rahman (Ibn Mas'ud), we are not wanted in addition to kindness." Ibn Mas'ud then said, "How many people are want goodness, but they do not get it. "[7]
So in doing the deeds, good will alone is not enough. We should also follow the example of the Prophet sallallaahu 'alaihi wa sallam, the new practice is acceptable in the sight of Allah.
Damage Fourth: Wishes Happy New Year Obviously not Islamic Teachings
Fatwa Commission of Saudi Arabia, Al Lajnah Ad Daimah asked, "Is it permissible to congratulate the new year AD on non-Muslims, or the survivor or survivors Hijri New Year Birthday of Prophet sallallaahu 'alaihi wa sallam? "Al Lajnah Ad Daimah replied," Not to be congratulated on such a celebration because of the celebration is a celebration that is not masyru '(not disyari'atkan in Islam). "[8]
Damage Fifth: Salah Five Leaves Left
How much we see, from staying up all night to wait for the seconds turn of the year, even as it passed again to stay up until 1 hour, 2 hours a night or even until morning, most people who stay up as it escapes from Fajr prayer that we've agreed obligatory. Among them are some who do not work at all because the Fajr prayer has been exhausted in the morning. Finally, they slept until mid-afternoon and had no obligation to pass, redeemable at all. Na'udzu billahi min dzalik. Know that leaves only one of the five daily prayers is not a trivial matter. Even leave it the scholars agreed that it includes a great sin. [9] The Prophet sallallaahu 'alaihi wa sallam also threatened with disbelief for those who deliberately leave the prayer five times a day. Buraidah bin Al Hushoib Al Aslamiy said, "I heard the Prophet sallallaahu 'alaihi wa sallam said," The agreement between us and them (the disbelievers) is prayer. Whoever left him then he is a disbeliever. "[10] Therefore, a Muslim should not celebrate the new year so that makes him fall into great sin.
Damage Sixth: Begadang Without There Hajat
Staying up late with no interest shar'ie hated by the Prophet sallallaahu 'alaihi wa sallam. Included here are waiting for the seconds turn of the year that there is no benefit at all. It was narrated from Abi Barzah, he said, "The Messenger sallallaahu 'alaihi wa sallam hate sleep before praying' Isha and chat afterwards." [11]
Wans=Author
